مجله تلاش

مجله تلاش

مجله تلاش

مجله تلاش

مجله تلاش

۴ مطلب در اسفند ۱۳۹۵ ثبت شده است

I’m going to talk about the time I left a university assignment until the last minute and had to work flat out to get it finished. This was about ten years ago when I was doing my Master’s degree.

I had to do several 3000-word assignments for the modules on my Master’s course, but I remember that there was one in particular that I really struggled with. I had been procrastinating and putting it off for weeks, and in the end I left myself just two days to get the whole assignment done. This included finding and reading relevant books and articles, deciding on my thesis and assignment title, and producing a final draft which had to be handed in to the department office before the deadline.

The pressure of such a close deadline actually forced me to manage the task in a really efficient way. My first step was to decide on the general area that I wanted to write about, and then I limited myself to just ten research sources. I printed the most relevant pages, highlighted the key paragraphs and made some notes to summarise and synthesise the ideas that I found interesting. Finally, I just started writing the main body of the assignment, and I wrote the title and the introduction last.

I had mixed feelings at the time. I was annoyed with myself for leaving it so late to get started on the assignment, but I was relieved and quite impressed with myself when I managed to complete the final draft so quickly. It was also quite stressful and tiring to have to find articles, do photocopying and then write everything so quickly. I wouldn’t want to go through that again!

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Speaking test

Interview

    What is your full name?
    Can I see your ID?
    Where are you from?
    Do you work or study?
    What do you do?
    Can you describe your home?
    What part of Hong Kong do you live in?
    Do you have dreams when you sleep?
    What dreams do you usually have?
    Do you like to listen to other people talking about their dreams?
    Why is it so?

Cue Card

Talk about a place where you go for a swim. Please say

    Why do you like to go there?
    What does the place look like?
    Who do you go there with?

Discussion

    Why are some sports more popular than others?
    What do you think about sports facilities in your city?
    Can government policies affect sports facilities? How?
    What can the government do to improve sport facilities?
    Do you think the demand for leisure and cultural facilities varies for different age groups?
    Why do you think it is?
    Do you like buying shoes?
    Do prefer them fashionable or comfortable?
    Why is that?


برای دیدن مطالب بیشتر کافیست کلیک کنید

Speaking test

Interview

  • What is your full name?
  • Can I see your ID?
  • Where are you from?
  • Do you work or study?
  • What do you do?
  • Can you describe your home?
  • What part of Hong Kong do you live in?
  • Do you have dreams when you sleep?
  • What dreams do you usually have?
  • Do you like to listen to other people talking about their dreams?
  • Why is it so?

Cue Card

Talk about a place where you go for a swim. Please say

  • Why do you like to go there?
  • What does the place look like?
  • Who do you go there with?

Discussion

  • Why are some sports more popular than others?
  • What do you think about sports facilities in your city?
  • Can government policies affect sports facilities? How?
  • What can the government do to improve sport facilities?
  • Do you think the demand for leisure and cultural facilities varies for different age groups?
  • Why do you think it is?
  • Do you like buying shoes?
  • Do prefer them fashionable or comfortable?
  • Why is that?
- See more at: http://ielts-city.com/%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%be%db%8c%da%a9%db%8c%d9%86%da%af-%d8%a2%db%8c%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b3-%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%87-%db%b2%db%b0%db%b1%db%b7-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af-%da%a9/#sthash.Vk3ysl8y.dpuf
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پیشوندها

dis-

با اضافه کردن پیشوند dis به افعال از آنها متضاد می سازیم. یک مثال در این خصوص کلمه disagree (به معنای مخالف بودن) است که متضاد agree (به معنای موافق بودن) می باشد.

مثال های بیشتر disallow, disappear, dislike

ex-

exبه معنای سابق یا قبلی است که با اسامی ترکیب می شود. اسامی ترکیب شده با این پیشوند نشان دهنده این است که مثلا کسی در گذشته در پستی کار می کرد ولی الان دیگر در آن پست کار نمی کند، یا کسی قبلا همسر کسی دیگر بود ولی الان دیگر نیست و غیره. کلمه ex-husband (شوهر سابق) یک مثال برای پیشوند ex می باشد.

مثال های بیشتر ex-employer, ex-friend, ex-president

mis-

این پیشوند به افعال و اسامی اضافه می شود و نشان می دهد که چیزی به صورت بد یا اشتباه انجام داده شده است. مثلا کلمه mishear حاکی از آن است که شخصی چیزی را اشتباهی شنیده است، یا misprintنشان دهنده این است که چیزی به صورت اشتباه چاپ شده است.

مثال های بیشتر miscalculate, misinform, misunderstand

pre-

پیشوند preبا اسامی و صفات ترکیب می شود. واژگان ساخته شده به چیزی اشاره می کنند که قبل از چیزی دیگر اتفاق می افتد. یک مثال در این خصوص عبارت pre-gameexercise (تمرین قبل از بازی) می باشد.

مثال های بیشتر pre-dinner, pre-job, pre-match

re-

re با افعال و اسامی آنها ترکیب می شود که به معنای دوباره است. برای مثال remarryبه معنای دوباره ازدواج کردن است و remarriage (ازدواج دوباره) اسم فعلremarry می باشد.

مثال های بیشتر reappear, rebuild, rename

un-

پیشوند unبه صفات، اسامی و قیدها اضافه می شود تا متضاد آنها را بسازد. برای مثال اگر un را به صفت acceptable (به معنی قابل قبول) اضافه کنیم کلمه unacceptable (به معنی غیر قابل قبول) بوجود می آید که متضاد acceptable می باشد.

مثال های بیشتر unable, uncomfortable, unfair :

از پیشوندهای زیر نیز می توان برای اسامی و افعال جهت ساخت کلمات متضاد استفاده کرد:

il-, im-, in-, ir-

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روش اول: استفاده از Cohesive Devices

ابزارهای Cohesive کلمات و عباراتی هستند که ارتباط بین جملات و ایده ها را نشان می دهند. ابزارهای متفاوتی برای اینکار وجود دارد که در اینجا معروف ترین آنها را بررسی می کنیم:

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای لیست کردن – برای نشان دادن ترتیب جملات استفاده می شود. به عنوان مثال:

first, second, third, to begin, next, after, before, finally, initially, at first, from there, following this

Example: First, it causes the melting of polar ice caps… Second, it exposes us to harmful UV rays from the sun.

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای اضافه کردن: از آن برای افزودن یک ایده جدید استفاده می شود. به عنوان مثال:

also, furthermore, in addition, another is, also, again, additionally, further, moreover, as well as, besides

Example: Global warming causes polar ice caps to melt… Furthermore, it exposes us to harmful UV rays from the sun

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای ارائه مثال:

for example, for instance, to illustrate, a good example is, such as

Example:The thinning of the ozone layer makes us prone to developing skin problems such as sunburn or skin cancer.

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای جمع بندی:

in general, to sum up, in sum, all in all
Example: All in all, global warming is a problem that can negatively affect our planet and humanity

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای نتیجه گیری:

so, therefore, as a result, consequently

Example: The amount of greenhouse gasses on the planet is ever increasing; as a result, global warming takes place.

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای مقایسه:

similarly, in the same way, likewise

Example: Smoke coming from cars, likewise the carbon emissions from factories, contribute to global warming.

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای تضاد:

on the other hand, but, on the contrary, however, although, despite this, conversely, in contrast, while, though, in comparison, compared with, rather, whereas, instead, in spite of this, nevertheless, otherwise

Example: Presently, there is no clear cut method of eliminating green house gasses from the atmosphere; however, there are some things we can do to reduce them.

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای ارائه دلیل:

because, since, as, so, due, owing to

Example: Global warming occurs due to the increasing amount of green house gasses in the atmosphere.

ابزارهای پیوستگی برای ارائه حقایق قطعی:

obviously, clearly, naturally, of course, as can be expected, after all

Example: Obviously, as more non-environment friendly factories are put up, carbon emissions also increase.

روش دوم: ضمایر ارجاعی
در این روش از ضمایر ارجاعی استفاده می شود. معمولا ضمایری مانند they, them, it و یا ضمایر توصیفی مانند this, that, those, these.

Example: One of the most pressing issues of today is global warming, as it causes several problems like…

روش سوم: کلمات مرتبط و جایگزین
در این روش از تغییر کلمات به یک عبارت یا کلمه مشابه یا سینونیم استفاده می شود. اما در این روش دقت زیادی داشته باشید، چون هر لغتی را نمی توان به سادگی معادل سازی کرد.

Example: One of the most pressing issues of today is global warming. The phenomenon causes several problems like…

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